Chapter Nine
Modern Immunology
167 Innate, adaptive, humoral and cellular immunity.
Here is the Wikipedia page on the immune system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system
Innate immunity:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system
Adaptive immunity:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system
Humoral immunity:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity
Cellular Immunity:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity
168 Antibodies.
You can read more about antibodies here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody
169 Immune factors passed from the mother to the fetus and then through the breast milk.
Here is one study from researchers in the Pediatric Allergy/Immunology Division of Massachusetts General Hospital for Children in Boston.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22684347
“There have been considerable advances in our understanding of the diverse mixture of bioactive components in human milk that influence the immune status of infants by not only providing protection but also facilitating development, tolerance, and an appropriate inflammatory response. It could be suggested that milk is the communication vehicle between the maternal immune system and the infant, a system actively directing and educating the immune, metabolic, and microflora systems within the infant, while conferring multiple means of protection from pathogens.
This update briefly reviews immune development in infants and focuses on current knowledge of how both the “classical” immune and the nonimmune ingredients found in mature human milk promote immune development, facilitate the development of tolerance, and regulate the inflammatory response of infants.”
So states a researcher in the Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science at the University of Alberta. Her review was published in “Journal of Nutrition” in 2005.
You can read the entire review and follow the thirty nine links to their sources here.
http://jn.nutrition.org/content/135/1/1.full
“In addition to antibodies, breast milk contains more than 100,000 constituents, which can influence the growth, development and immune status of the infant.”
You can read the entire article on Medscape here:
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/814970_3
You can search the internet for the phrase: “immune factors breast milk” and find links to many more studies on the subject.
170 Passage through the vaginal canal at birth and the development of the microbiome.
Here is what the University of Utah has to say about the development of the microbiome on their website:
“The moment we enter the world, microbes colonize our bodies. And depending on how and where we're born, we're colonized by different types of microbes.
Our first dose of microbes comes from our mother. Babies delivered vaginally are covered in a film of microbes as they pass through the birth canal. Included in the mix are bacteria that help babies digest their first meal. Babies delivered by cesarean section are colonized mainly by skin microbes—a very different set of species.
Babies pick up microbes not only from their mothers, but also from every person and thing they touch. So babies who are born at home are exposed to different types of microbes than babies born in hospitals.
These very first differences—vaginal vs. c. section birth, home vs. hospital—are still measurable months and possibly even years after birth. And they may have even longer-lasting impacts on health.”
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/microbiome/changing/
171 Importance of early development of the microbiome for life long health.
This literature review by a Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Neonatology at the University of Florida was published in the journal, “Clinical Paranatology.” It discusses the role of the developing microbiome in a number of chronic health conditions. You can also follow his links to fifty one of his source studies.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110651/
172 The microbiome.
You can read the Wikipedia page on the microbiota here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiota
You can read about the efforts of the National Institutes of Health to study the microbiome in greater detail on their website here:
http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/overview
You can also search the National Institutes of Medicine's National Library of Medicine, aka Pub Med, here. As of this writing in early 2016 they have over 22,000 citations on the subject.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=microbiome
Here is the Wikipedia page on the immune system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system
Innate immunity:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system
Adaptive immunity:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system
Humoral immunity:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity
Cellular Immunity:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity
168 Antibodies.
You can read more about antibodies here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody
169 Immune factors passed from the mother to the fetus and then through the breast milk.
Here is one study from researchers in the Pediatric Allergy/Immunology Division of Massachusetts General Hospital for Children in Boston.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22684347
“There have been considerable advances in our understanding of the diverse mixture of bioactive components in human milk that influence the immune status of infants by not only providing protection but also facilitating development, tolerance, and an appropriate inflammatory response. It could be suggested that milk is the communication vehicle between the maternal immune system and the infant, a system actively directing and educating the immune, metabolic, and microflora systems within the infant, while conferring multiple means of protection from pathogens.
This update briefly reviews immune development in infants and focuses on current knowledge of how both the “classical” immune and the nonimmune ingredients found in mature human milk promote immune development, facilitate the development of tolerance, and regulate the inflammatory response of infants.”
So states a researcher in the Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science at the University of Alberta. Her review was published in “Journal of Nutrition” in 2005.
You can read the entire review and follow the thirty nine links to their sources here.
http://jn.nutrition.org/content/135/1/1.full
“In addition to antibodies, breast milk contains more than 100,000 constituents, which can influence the growth, development and immune status of the infant.”
You can read the entire article on Medscape here:
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/814970_3
You can search the internet for the phrase: “immune factors breast milk” and find links to many more studies on the subject.
170 Passage through the vaginal canal at birth and the development of the microbiome.
Here is what the University of Utah has to say about the development of the microbiome on their website:
“The moment we enter the world, microbes colonize our bodies. And depending on how and where we're born, we're colonized by different types of microbes.
Our first dose of microbes comes from our mother. Babies delivered vaginally are covered in a film of microbes as they pass through the birth canal. Included in the mix are bacteria that help babies digest their first meal. Babies delivered by cesarean section are colonized mainly by skin microbes—a very different set of species.
Babies pick up microbes not only from their mothers, but also from every person and thing they touch. So babies who are born at home are exposed to different types of microbes than babies born in hospitals.
These very first differences—vaginal vs. c. section birth, home vs. hospital—are still measurable months and possibly even years after birth. And they may have even longer-lasting impacts on health.”
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/microbiome/changing/
171 Importance of early development of the microbiome for life long health.
This literature review by a Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Neonatology at the University of Florida was published in the journal, “Clinical Paranatology.” It discusses the role of the developing microbiome in a number of chronic health conditions. You can also follow his links to fifty one of his source studies.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110651/
172 The microbiome.
You can read the Wikipedia page on the microbiota here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiota
You can read about the efforts of the National Institutes of Health to study the microbiome in greater detail on their website here:
http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/overview
You can also search the National Institutes of Medicine's National Library of Medicine, aka Pub Med, here. As of this writing in early 2016 they have over 22,000 citations on the subject.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=microbiome
